HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a markup language that is used to design web pages. HTML is written in the form of tags which are enclosed in angular brackets.HTML elements are the main entities of markup language. Each element has two properties namely attribute and content. Some restrictions are imposed on these properties to make a valid HTML document. There are two tags for an element. One is the starting tag and the other is the end tag. The element attribute is written in the starting tag and the content is placed between these two tags. BUt several elements such as break does not have any content and therefore it does not have any end tag or closing tag. Several types of marks up used in HTML are

HTML - A Markup Language

• Structural Markup: Its main purpose is to define the role of text. Text can also be style sheets.
• Presentation Markup: It defines the appearance of text rather defining its functionality.
• Hypertext Markup: The role of hyper text markup is to join several documents.

Attributes of HTML: One element in HTML can take more than one attribute

The id attribute serves as a identifier for the element. It can be used by cascaded style sheets to determine their presentation properties. It can be used by the web browser to concentrate on a particular document.

The class attribute is used to classify the same elements for different purposes.

Transferring of HTML document

Basically the HTML document is transferred from one system to another like any other file. But two ways are generally preferred:

Over HTTP: The world wide web contains HTML documents which are transferred from a web server to a web browser with the help of Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. The web browser then execute the data with the help of information which was transferred with the document.

HTML e-mail: Two things are required for an HTML e-mail. First is a GUI editor to compose the mail. THE second one is rendering engine to display that message. However this method is rarely used because the HTML e-mail can lead to confusion in spam filters.

HTML Files Naming Conventions

The HTML files have a extension of .htm. It is very much similar to old days operating systems and file systems such as DOS and FAT respectively, which also uses three alphabets for a file extension. At present two flavors of HTML are available. These are XML based HTML and SGML based HTML.

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